The Guinea savanna in Nigeria is known to be home to farmers of rice. The term derives from the Arabic bild al-sdn (land of the black peoples) and has been in use from at least the 12th century. Fertility Status of Selected Soils in the Sudan Savanna Biome of IITA is the lead research partner facilitating agricultural solutions for hunger and poverty in the tropics. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. . These zones are further subdivided into three each, for a total of six vegetation zones. The zone is slightly wetter than the Sahel Savannah and receives between 500 and 1000 mm of rainfall each year. This vegetation type covers Nigerian states such as Kaduna state, Oyo state, Enugu state, Anambra state, Edo state,and Ondo state. This plateau vegetation can be seen in places like Jos Plateau and Obudu in Cross River state. The dominant grass species are usually Andropogoneae, especially the genera Andropogon and Hyparrhenia, on shallow soils also Loudetia and Aristida. N/A means data is not available at this time. Sahel | Location, Facts, & Desertification | Britannica Other components of the tropical rainforest of southern Nigeria are the coastal vegetation, riparian forest, mangrove forest, and lowland rainforest. The freshwater is supplied by inland rivers and rainfalls. Still, further to the north, the forests are becoming sparser, and at last the expanses of the savanna open. Much of the Sudanian savanna region is used in the form of parklands, where useful trees, such as shea, baobab, locust-bean tree and others are spared from cutting, while sorghum, maize, millet or other crops are cultivated beneath. The rainfall in the Guinea savanna is often within the range of about 1400 mm yearly. The states of Edo, Lagos and Cross River are partly in this ecological region. They hardly grow higher than 10m and are prone to destruction by cultivation, clearing and bush burning. Movement across the grasslands is generally uninterrupted, especially during the dry season, and the continuity of a similar environment along the southern boundaries of the Sahara for vast distances has encouraged people to move from the north and east from early times. The Sahel, a belt of drier grasslands and acacia savannas, lies to the north, between the Sudanian savanna and the Sahara Desert. The trees here grow up to a height of about 15m. However, there are still other minor vegetation zones. The Sudan savannah is a type of vegetation in the north of the Guinea savanna. There are a good number of protected areas, however, many are not adequately enforced or policed. This study analysed rainfall trend and variability in Sudan savannah region of Nigeria from 1956 to 2018. The East Sudanian Savanna has low rates of faunal endemism, with only one strictly endemic mammal (Gounda mouse), and two strictly endemic reptiles (Moila snake and Wilsons snake-eyed skink). In the past, a large part of the country was covered with dense tropical rainforests. This is grassland zone but the slopes are covered by forests. In Nigeria, the observable or well-known geographical features include the Obudu Plateau, Adamawa highlands, Jos Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, the Niger Delta basin, the Niger River and River Benue. The savanna region in Nigeria plays a vital role in the Nigerian economy. The main crops grown are sorghum and millet which are suited to the low levels of rainfall. States with this type of vegetation include; Cross River, Niger Delta, IMO, Benin and Ogun states. This type of vegetation is dependent on the coastal location of the zone. You can also find farmers and nomadic farmers who rear livestock such as goats, sheep, and cattle. Threatened mammal species include large herds of elephant in Chad and Central African Republic, wild dog, cheetah, and lion. Different types of acacia can be found there, which are used for medical purposes and eaten by camels. Covering the North-West and almost the entire North of Nigeria and the borders of Niger Republic is the Sudan Savannah. Almost all rainfall occurs in a single rainy season from April to October, during which time large areas of southern Chad and northern parts of the Central African Republic become inundated and inaccessible. Vegetation zones in Nigeria and their features: All the details The biggest trees amongst them are more than 6+0m high. About 68% of all fields sampled were infested, about 75% of compound fields and 60% of bush fields. In this vegetation zone such plants as Ngibbi, Acacia raddiana, Leptadenia, and African myrrh are growing. Also, because this vegetation zone is characterized by fresh water, it makes the zone suitable for fishing. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2020. It stretches from the border of Senegal, through southern Mali (formerly known as French Sudan when it was a French colony), Burkina Faso, southern Niger and northern Nigeria, southern Chad and the western Darfur region of presentday Sudan. The mangrove swamp forest region occupies much of Nigeria's southern coast. The rays of the sun almost do not penetrate through the dense green canopy formed by woody crowns. The eastern giant eland still survives in good numbers in the Central African Republic, especially in the western regions of the country, out of reach from Sudanese poachers. dry and wooded savanna, south of the Sahel. Freshwater swamp forests areas are easily distinguished by their intense vegetation and network of lagoons and creeks. Dugje, I. Kamara, A. Infestation of cowpea with S. gesnerioides was in the order of Northern Guinea savanna > Sudan savanna > Southern Guinea savanna.